tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16880862756972487962024-02-08T02:39:48.849-08:00Countries that are not part of United NationsAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-3790334594354156972015-11-04T04:28:00.002-08:002015-11-04T04:28:17.616-08:00GENERAL ASSEMBLY <br />
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The General Assembly is the main <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Deliberative assembly">deliberative assembly</a> of the United Nations. Composed of all <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Member states of the United Nations">United Nations member states</a>, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions, but emergency sessions can also be called.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-F131_70-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-F131-70" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[67]</a></sup> The assembly is led by a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">president</a>, elected from among the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 vice-presidents.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-71" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[68]</a></sup> The first session convened 10 January 1946 in the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall_Westminster" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Methodist Central Hall Westminster">Methodist Central Hall Westminster</a> in London and included representatives of 51 nations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unmilestones_20-7" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-unmilestones-20" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[18]</a></sup></div>
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When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. Examples of important questions include recommendations on peace and security; election of members to organs; admission, suspension, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-72" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[69]</a></sup> All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Security Council.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-F131_70-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-F131-70" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[67]</a></sup></div>
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Draft resolutions can be forwarded to the General Assembly by eight committees:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-73" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[70]</a></sup></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-52681099998484966002015-11-04T04:25:00.005-08:002015-11-04T04:25:49.846-08:00<ul style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22.4px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">General Committee – a supervisory committee consisting of the assembly's president, vice-president, and committee heads</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Credentials Committee – responsible for determining the credentials of each member nation's UN representatives</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Assembly_First_Committee" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="General Assembly First Committee"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">First Committee (Disarmament and International Security)</span></a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Committee" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Economic and Financial Committee"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Second Committee (Economic and Financial)</span></a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural)</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Fourth_Committee" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Fourth Committee"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization)</span></a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary)</span></li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Sixth_Committee_(Legal)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations General Assembly Sixth Committee (Legal)"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Sixth Committee (Legal)</span></a></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-70993388512786645182015-11-04T04:23:00.001-08:002015-11-04T04:23:03.694-08:00<b style="background-color: #e0e0e0; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Secretariat">UN Secretariat</a></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: #e0e0e0; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;">— Administrative organ of the UN —</span></div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Supports the other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_System" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations System">UN bodies</a> administratively (for example, in the organization of conferences, the writing of reports and studies and the preparation of the budget);</li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Its chairperson – the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary General</a> – is elected by the General Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UN's foremost representative</li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-21951917205525818742015-11-04T04:16:00.004-08:002015-11-04T04:16:35.038-08:00<h2>
<b style="background-color: #e0e0e0; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a></b><span style="background-color: #e0e0e0; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;">— </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" style="background: none rgb(224, 224, 224); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" title="Deliberative assembly">Deliberative assembly</a><span style="background-color: #e0e0e0; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: center;"> of all UN member states —</span></h2>
<img alt="UN General Assembly hall" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/UN_General_Assembly_hall.jpg/260px-UN_General_Assembly_hall.jpg" /><br />
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions to the Security Council (UNSC);</li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Decides on the admission of new members, following proposal by the UNSC;</li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Adopts the budget;</li>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Elects the non-permanent members of the UNSC; all members of ECOSOC; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary General</a>(following his/her proposal by the UNSC); and the fifteen judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Each country has one vote.</li>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-71188162623354792262015-11-04T04:12:00.003-08:002015-11-04T04:12:35.291-08:00STRUCTURE <div style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The United Nations' system is based on five principal organs: the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC), the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a>, and the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-55" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[52]</a></sup> A sixth principal organ, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a>, suspended operations in 1994, upon the independence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Palau">Palau</a>, the last remaining UN trustee territory.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-56" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[53]</a></sup></div>
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Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-57" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[54]</a></sup> The International Court of Justice is located in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, while other major agencies are based in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">UN offices at Geneva</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-58" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[55]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Vienna</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-59" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[56]</a></sup> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Nairobi</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-60" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[57]</a></sup> Other UN institutions are located throughout the world. The six <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_language" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Official language">official languages</a> of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-langs_61-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-langs-61" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[58]</a></sup> On the basis of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_Privileges_and_Immunities_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations">Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations</a>, the UN and its agencies are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Diplomatic immunity">immune</a> from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the UN's impartiality with regard to the host and member countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-62" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[59]</a></sup></div>
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Below the six organs sit, in the words of the author Linda Fasulo, "an amazing collection of entities and organizations, some of which are actually older than the UN itself and operate with almost complete independence from it".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-63" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[60]</a></sup> These include specialized agencies, research and training institutions, programmes and funds, and other UN entities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-64" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[61]</a></sup></div>
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The United Nations obey the <i>Noblemaire principle</i>, which is binding on any organisation that belongs to the united nations system. This principle calls for salaries that will draw and keep citizens of countries where salaries are highest, and also calls for equal pay for work of equal value independent of the employee's nationality.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-un-salaries_65-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-un-salaries-65" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[62]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-66" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[63]</a></sup> Staff salaries are subject to an internal tax that is administered by the UN organizations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-un-salaries_65-1" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-un-salaries-65" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[62]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-67" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[64]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-68" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[65]</a></sup></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-59408621608123038132015-11-04T04:08:00.000-08:002015-11-04T04:08:51.395-08:00HISTORY OF UNITED NATIONS<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="1942_.22Declaration_of_United_Nations.22_by_the_Allies_of_World_War_II">1942 "Declaration of United Nations" by the Allies of World War II</span></h3>
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Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a></div>
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The earliest concrete plan for a new world organization began under the aegis of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United States Department of State">US State Department</a> in 1939.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-8" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup> The text of the "Declaration by United Nations" was drafted by President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Roosevelt aide Harry Hopkins, while meeting at the White House, 29 December 1941. It incorporated Soviet suggestions, but left no role for France. "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Policemen" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Four Policemen">Four Policemen</a>" was coined to refer four major Allied countries, United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and China, which was emerged in Declaration by United Nations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sheriff_9-0" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-sheriff-9" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup> Roosevelt first coined the term <i>United Nations</i> to describe the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Allies of World War II">Allied countries</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-10" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[b]</a></sup> "On New Year's Day 1942, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Maxim Litvinov">Maxim Litvinov</a>, of the USSR, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._V._Soong" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="T. V. Soong">T. V. Soong</a>, of China, signed a short document which later came to be known as the United Nations Declaration and the next day the representatives of twenty-two other nations added their signatures."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-11" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a></sup> The term <i>United Nations</i> was first officially used when 26 governments signed this Declaration. One major change from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> was the addition of a provision for religious freedom, which Stalin approved after Roosevelt insisted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-12" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-13" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a></sup> By 1 March 1945, 21 additional states had signed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-14" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a></sup></h2>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-7592319315705204222015-11-04T04:04:00.003-08:002015-11-04T04:06:33.881-08:00<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h3>
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In the century prior to the UN's creation, several international treaty organizations and conferences had been formed to regulate conflicts between nations, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-4" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup> Following the catastrophic loss of life in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War I">First World War</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> established the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> to maintain harmony between countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-5" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> This organization resolved some territorial disputes and created international structures for areas such as postal mail, aviation, and opium control, some of which would later be absorbed into the UN.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-6" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> However, the League lacked representation for colonial peoples (then half the world's population) and significant participation from several major powers, including the US, USSR, Germany, and Japan; it failed to act against the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Japanese invasion of Manchuria</a> in 1931, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a> in 1935, the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese invasion of China</a> in 1937, and German expansions under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> that culminated in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">Second World War</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-7" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup></h2>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-17674721853176072622015-11-04T03:58:00.003-08:002015-11-04T03:58:52.254-08:00<div style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
During the Second World War, US President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> initiated talks on a successor agency to the League of Nations, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a> was drafted at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">a conference</a> in April–June 1945; this charter took effect 24 October 1945, and the UN began operation. The UN's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies. The organization participated in major actions in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Korean War">Korea</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">the Congo</a>, as well as approving the creation of the state of Israel in 1947. The organization's membership grew significantly following widespread<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Decolonization">decolonization</a> in the 1960s, and by the 1970s its budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a>. After the end of the Cold War, the UN took on major military and peacekeeping missions across the world with varying degrees of success.</div>
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The UN has six principal organs: the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> (the main deliberative assembly); the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC) (for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development); the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (the primary judicial organ); and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">United Nations Trusteeship Council</a> (inactive since 1994). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_System" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations System">UN System</a> agencies include the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank_Group" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Programme" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. The UN's most prominent officer is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>, an office held by South Korean <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> since 2007. Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC and other agencies to participate in the UN's work.</div>
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The organization won the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in 2001, and a number of its officers and agencies have also been awarded the prize. Other evaluations of the UN's effectiveness have been mixed. Some commentators believe the organization to be an important force for peace and human development, while others have called the organization ineffective, corrupt, or biased.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-40536557953114578162015-11-04T03:55:00.003-08:002015-11-04T03:55:58.480-08:00<div style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
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The <b>United Nations</b> (<b>UN</b>) is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental organization</a> to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World War II">World War II</a> in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states</a>; there are now 193. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">headquarters of the United Nations</a> is in<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New York City">New York City</a>, and experiences <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterritoriality" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a>. Further main offices are situated in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Nairobi</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Vienna</a>. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-40372190152713379032015-11-04T03:10:00.001-08:002015-11-04T03:10:26.387-08:00<div style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #191919; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px !important; margin-bottom: 17px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Lists of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="1" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/unmembercountries.htm" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0099cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">193 members</a> of the <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="2" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/unitednations.htm" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0099cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">United Nations</a> are easy to locate, but how many countries are not members of the UN? Three countries <a data-component="link" data-ordinal="3" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://geography.about.com/cs/countries/a/numbercountries.htm" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0099cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">out of the 196 countries of the world</a> are not members of the United Nations.</div>
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<a data-component="link" data-ordinal="4" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://geography.about.com/library/maps/blkosovo.htm" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kosovo</a><br /><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="5" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/taiwancountry.htm" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Taiwan</a><br /><a data-component="link" data-ordinal="6" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" href="http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/a/vaticancountry.htm" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vatican City / The Holy See</a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 23px;">Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on on February 17, 2008 but has not gained complete international recognition to allow it to become a member of the United Nations.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 23px;">In 1971 the People's Republic of China (mainland China) replaced Taiwan (also known as the Republic of China) in the United Nations.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 23px;">The independent papal state of 771 people (including the Pope) was created in 1929. They have not chosen to become part of the international organization.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">Vatican City - Because of its tiny population and unique status, the Vatican City is a permanent observer state, but not a full member. (</span><span class="qlink_container" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><a class="external_link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" rel="noreferrer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; color: #2b6dad; padding-right: 12px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Holy See and the United Nations</a></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">)</span><br />
<br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">Palestine - Attempted to gain membership in 2011/2012, but failed due to lack of support from the Security Council. The US would have likely vetoed membership. It is currently recognized as a non-member observer state. (</span><span class="qlink_container" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;"><a class="external_link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_194" rel="noreferrer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: initial; color: #2b6dad; padding-right: 12px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Palestine 194</a></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">)</span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">Taiwan - The UN considers the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China to be a single state, therefore Taiwan is not a member.</span><br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">There are several partially recognized states like Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which are not members and, as far as I can tell, have not yet attempted to gain membership.</span><div id="ld_dgxrjt_118955" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">
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<span id="ld_mcdces_117014"><a action_mousedown="AnswerPermalinkClickthrough" class="answer_permalink" href="https://www.quora.com/Why-are-some-countries-not-members-of-the-United-Nations/answer/Darrell-Francis" id="__w2_cVvfDrB_link" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #aaaaaa; text-decoration: none;">Written 29 Mar 2014</a></span><span class="bullet" style="color: #999999;"> • </span><a class="AnswerVoterListModalLink VoterListModalLink" href="https://www.quora.com/api/mobile_expanded_voter_list?type=answer&key=LkoxN2Ng9pU" id="__w2_hCvVccs_modal_link" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #aaaaaa; text-decoration: none;">View Upvotes</a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09284094074793526549noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1688086275697248796.post-51402115631034241462015-11-03T06:08:00.001-08:002015-11-04T04:29:29.690-08:00Countries are not part of UN<div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">Following international law, all nations in the world are part of the United Nations, therefore there would be no nations that are not part of the United Nations.</span><br />
<br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">However there are five "difficult" cases in this. Namely Palestine and Kosovo, which both do not have enough international support to become a United Nations member, and for Palestine it is a controversial topic by itself whether it is a separate country or not. Taiwan left the United Nations in 1971 when the Republic of China got a seat. South Sudan recently became independent and therefore has not yet applied to be a member. And the Vatican City has chosen themselves to not become part of the United Nations. </span><br />
<br style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;" />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px;">So to answer your question, only Vatican City is by choice not a member of the United Nations. However it does enjoy full observer status.</span><br />
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<img alt="United Nations members - Mario Tama/Getty Images" src="http://f.tqn.com/y/geography/1/W/4/6/1/88450573.jpg" /></div>
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